Zinc, a trace mineral, plays a crucial role in our bodies, yet it's often overlooked. It's involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism, and it's essential for the function of over 300 enzymes. But what happens when there's a deficiency of this vital mineral, particularly in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS, a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, is often linked with zinc deficiency. This deficiency can manifest in various ways, from hair loss to skin problems, and even fertility issues. The connection between zinc and PCOS is a topic that's gaining attention in the health and wellness community, and for good reason.

In this blog, we'll delve into the importance of zinc for PCOS, exploring its benefits, the signs of deficiency, and how to ensure you're getting enough of this essential mineral. Whether you're considering zinc supplements or looking to incorporate more zinc-rich foods into your diet, this guide will provide you with the information you need.

What is Zinc?

Zinc, a trace metal, is a vital component of our body's functioning, playing a significant role in over 300 enzyme functions and impacting at least 2,000 genetic DNA and RNA transcriptions. It's a surprising fact that zinc is involved in cholesterol and glucose metabolism^1, as well as fertility. This essential mineral is found naturally in various foods and is often added to dietary supplements.

Zinc is also an antioxidant, meaning it helps prevent cellular damage and has numerous benefits, including immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, growth and development, thyroid health, and blood sugar regulation. Women, in particular, require about 8 milligrams (mg) of zinc per day, unless pregnant or breastfeeding, when the body requires closer to 12 mg of daily zinc.

However, not everyone meets the recommended daily allowances for zinc. Certain groups, such as vegetarians or vegans, may have lower levels of zinc as the zinc in plant foods is harder for the body to absorb and use than zinc from animal sources. Intriguingly, recent research suggests that women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) may also be at a higher risk of zinc inadequacy or deficiency.^2

As an essential micronutrient, the body can't produce zinc on its own; it needs to be obtained from the diet or supplements. Interestingly, it's also found in many cold lozenges and cold remedies.

Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence and is required for a proper sense of taste and smell. A daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a steady state because the body has no specialized zinc storage system. In addition to these functions, research is suggesting there may be added benefits of zinc for PCOS.

PCOS and Zinc Deficiency

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and zinc deficiency share a complex relationship, with research indicating that women with PCOS often have lower zinc levels than those without the condition. This deficiency is not merely a symptom, but a potential contributor to the vicious cycle of PCOS, exacerbating conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and glucose intolerance. The cause of this deficiency in women with PCOS is multifaceted, with factors such as poor diet, inadequate absorption, increased excretion, or simply a higher requirement for zinc all playing a part. 

The role of zinc in PCOS is not to be underestimated. It's not just about managing symptoms but addressing the root causes. Conventional treatments like the contraceptive pill may mask symptoms, but they can also deplete the body of essential nutrients like zinc. This is why it's crucial to understand the signs of zinc deficiency and the importance of a blood test for accurate diagnosis. Increasing zinc intake through diet and supplements could be very beneficial, especially for those battling with issues such as acne, hair loss, and hair growth.

Discover how our Hair, Skin & Nails PCOS supplement with Zinc & myo-inositol can help you.

Signs you have Zinc Deficiency

Zinc deficiency can manifest in a myriad of ways, and it's particularly crucial for women with PCOS to be aware of these signs. The symptoms can range from physical to mental, and they can significantly impact your overall health and wellbeing. For instance, you might experience issues such as infertility, hair loss, and skin conditions such as acne, and dermatitis.

Other signs include diarrhoea, loss of appetite, weight loss, delayed wound healing, and poor immune function. You might also find yourself catching colds frequently or noticing changes in your sense of taste. Brain fog or impaired cognitive function is another symptom to watch out for. It's important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to zinc deficiency and could be indicative of other health issues. Therefore, if you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis.

Blood Test for Zinc Deficiency

For women with PCOS, understanding their zinc levels can be a crucial part of managing their condition. A blood test for zinc deficiency is often recommended, but it's important to remember that this test isn't foolproof. The complexity of zinc's distribution throughout the body, as a component of various proteins and nucleic acids, makes it challenging to measure accurately using laboratory tests.

Plasma or serum zinc levels are the most commonly used indices for evaluating zinc deficiency. However, these levels don't necessarily reflect the cellular zinc status due to tight homeostatic control mechanisms. Furthermore, the timing of the test can influence the results, with lab results varying depending on the time of day the blood sample was taken. Despite these limitations, the concentration of zinc in blood plasma or serum is currently the best available test for zinc deficiency. It's a tool that can provide valuable insights for women with PCOS, helping them to better understand their zinc levels and manage their symptoms.

Benefits of Zinc for PCOS

Delving into the myriad benefits of zinc for PCOS, we uncover a wealth of potential relief for those grappling with this condition. From mitigating PMS symptoms and boosting fertility, to curbing hair loss and reducing hirsutism, zinc emerges as a potent ally. Its role in clearing up skin, quelling inflammation, and lowering insulin levels further underscores its significance in managing PCOS. This section will explore these benefits in detail, shedding light on the profound impact of this essential mineral.

Reduces PMS Symptoms

Zinc's role in alleviating PMS symptoms is a significant benefit for women with PCOS. The discomfort and distress caused by bloating, cramps, headaches, and heightened anxiety during the premenstrual phase can be significantly reduced by maintaining adequate zinc levels. Studies have shown that women with PMS often have lower zinc levels^3, which are also associated with mood disorders. Supplementing with 30 to 50 mg of zinc during the two weeks leading up to your period can help mitigate these symptoms. A study^4 published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research found that women who took 50 mg of zinc during the last two weeks of their menstrual cycle experienced significant improvements in PMS symptoms and overall quality of life compared to those who took a placebo. Therefore, zinc supplementation can be a beneficial strategy for managing PMS symptoms in women with PCOS.

Increases Fertility

Zinc's role in enhancing fertility, particularly in women with PCOS, is a significant benefit that cannot be overlooked. Studies^5 have shown that infertile women with PCOS often have lower zinc levels compared to their fertile counterparts, suggesting a direct correlation between zinc and fertility. Zinc is crucial for ovulation, aiding in the maturation of follicles, which are essential for successful conception. Furthermore, research^2 has indicated that zinc supplementation can positively impact reproductive hormones, potentially improving fertility outcomes in women with PCOS. Therefore, incorporating zinc into the diet or as a supplement could be a beneficial strategy for women with PCOS struggling with infertility.

Minimizes Hair Loss

Zinc's role in minimising hair loss in women with PCOS is a significant benefit. This trace element works by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a non-aromatizable form of the hormone. High levels of DHT are often associated with hair loss, so by reducing its production, zinc can help to prevent this distressing symptom. In a study published in Biological Trace Elements Research^6, it was found that 41.7% of women with PCOS who supplemented with 50mg of zinc daily for 8 weeks experienced a significant reduction in hair loss. This is compared to only 12.5% of those who took a placebo, highlighting the potential of zinc for PCOS-related hair loss.

Reduces Hirsutism

Hirsutism, a condition characterised by excessive and unwanted hair growth, is a common symptom of PCOS, often triggered by elevated levels of androgens like testosterone. Zinc, a vital component of hair follicles, is believed to play a significant role in reducing hirsutism. The study mentioned above, published in Biological Trace Elements Research^6, revealed that women with PCOS who supplemented their diet with zinc experienced a notable decrease in hirsutism within just 8 weeks. Furthermore, when zinc was combined with magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D, the benefits were even more pronounced. In a trial involving sixty women with PCOS, those who took a twice-daily supplement containing 100 mg magnesium, 4 mg zinc, 400 mg calcium, and 200 IU vitamin D saw greater reductions in hirsutism compared to a placebo group. This suggests that zinc, particularly when paired with other essential nutrients, can be a powerful tool in managing hirsutism in women with PCOS.

Clears up Skin

Zinc's role in skin health is another noteworthy benefit for women with PCOS. This essential mineral has been linked to a reduction in acne, a common skin issue among PCOS sufferers. A study^7 found that after two months of zinc supplementation, there was a slight improvement in acne among women with PCOS compared to those who took a placebo. The percentage difference was 12.5% versus 8.3%, suggesting that zinc may have a role in managing acne in PCOS. It's intriguing to consider whether extended zinc supplementation could lead to further acne reduction. 

Moreover, zinc has shown promise in treating hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)^8, a skin condition characterised by boils or bumps. Patients who supplemented with zinc gluconate, at a dosage of 90mg/day, along with a topical medicine, experienced significant reductions in the appearance of boils after three months. This emerging research highlights the potential of zinc in managing skin conditions associated with PCOS. Therefore, incorporating zinc into the diet or as a supplement could be a beneficial strategy for women with PCOS looking to improve their skin health.

Reduces Inflammation

Zinc's role in reducing inflammation in women with PCOS is significant. This trace mineral is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, playing a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. Women with PCOS often experience low-grade inflammation, which is believed to be a key driver of the condition. While diet and lifestyle changes are paramount in decreasing inflammation, zinc supplementation can provide additional support. Studies involving elderly participants have shown that zinc supplementation can lead to a decreased incidence of infections, reduced oxidative stress, and less generation of inflammatory cytokines. A specific study conducted on women with PCOS, where participants were given 50 mg of zinc, showed a reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a known indicator of inflammation. However, it's worth noting that the study did not show a decrease in other inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of oxidative stress. This suggests that while zinc can help reduce inflammation in PCOS, it may not address all aspects of inflammation associated with the condition.

Lowers Insulin

A significant benefit of zinc for PCOS is its ability to lower insulin levels. This is crucial as insulin resistance is a common issue among women with PCOS. Zinc plays a pivotal role in the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It's been observed that women with PCOS who are insulin resistant often have lower levels of zinc. This is because insulin binds to zinc to facilitate its attachment to cell insulin receptors, allowing glucose to enter cells. Therefore, maintaining adequate zinc levels can help improve insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a condition prevalent in 50% of women with PCOS by the age of 40. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 studies revealed that individuals who took zinc supplements had lower fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, indicating better blood sugar control. Thus, zinc supplementation can be a valuable part of a comprehensive approach to managing PCOS and preventing diabetes.

Zinc Supplements for PCOS

As we've seen, Zinc, a vital mineral, can play a significant role in managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). It's involved in over 300 enzyme functions, including glucose and cholesterol metabolism, and fertility. Women with PCOS often have lower zinc levels, which could be due to various factors such as poor diet, absorption issues, or increased excretion. This deficiency can exacerbate PCOS symptoms like acne, hair loss, and unwanted hair growth.

Zinc can be an effective addition to a supplementation routine for women with PCOS, however, it's crucial to get the dosage right. While the recommended daily amount of zinc for adult women is 6.8 mg, women with PCOS or those with a zinc deficiency may require more. Most studies suggest a daily supplement of around 30-50 mg of zinc for best results.

But remember, more isn't always better. Over-supplementing with zinc can lead to gastrointestinal upset or a copper deficiency. Therefore, it's essential to consult with your doctor or healthcare professional before starting any supplementation regimen. In conclusion, zinc supplements can be a powerful tool in managing PCOS. But they should be part of a comprehensive approach that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep hygiene.

Foods High in Zinc

Zinc, a mineral found in a variety of foods, plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions. From immune function and protein synthesis to wound healing and thyroid health, zinc is a key player. While oysters top the list of foods with the highest zinc content, other sources are also rich in this mineral. Red meat, shellfish, chickpeas, and cashews are all excellent choices for boosting your zinc intake.

For those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, it's important to note that plant-based sources of zinc may be harder for the body to absorb and utilise. Legumes like soybeans, chickpeas, and kidney beans, along with nuts and seeds like pumpkin seeds, pecans, cashews, and almonds, are great choices. In addition to these, dark chocolate also contains a fair amount of zinc, making it a sweet treat that's not just indulgent, but also beneficial. Remember, a balanced diet is key to maintaining overall health. By incorporating a variety of these zinc-rich foods into your everyday meals and snacks, you can ensure you're getting the right amount of this essential mineral.

In Conclusion

Zinc, a vital mineral, can play a significant role in managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). It's involved in over 300 enzyme functions, including glucose and cholesterol metabolism, and fertility. Women with PCOS often have lower zinc levels, which can exacerbate symptoms like acne, hair loss, and unwanted hair growth.

The benefits of zinc for PCOS are numerous. It can reduce PMS symptoms, increase fertility, minimise hair loss, clear up skin, and lower insulin levels. Studies have shown that zinc supplementation can significantly decrease insulin concentration and resistance, which is crucial as up to 95% of people with PCOS are estimated to have insulin resistance. Moreover, it can help manage dyslipidaemia, a common risk for those with PCOS.

However, it's important to balance zinc intake. While studies have used around 50mg of supplemental zinc per day, the upper limit is set at 40mg to avoid potential side effects. A daily supplement of around 15mg – 30 mg is generally recommended. Incorporating zinc-rich foods like meat, shellfish, dairy foods, cheese, bread, and cereal products into your diet can also help.

In conclusion, if you're dealing with PCOS symptoms like acne, hair loss, and excessive hair growth, it's worth considering zinc supplementation. But as always, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

References:

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2. Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A. The Role of Zinc in Selected Female Reproductive System Disorders. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 16;12(8):2464. doi: 10.3390/nu12082464. PMID: 32824334; PMCID: PMC7468694.

3. Carlini SV, Lanza di Scalea T, McNally ST, Lester J, Deligiannidis KM. Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Scoping Review. Int J Womens Health. 2022 Dec 21;14:1783-1801. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S297062. PMID: 36575726; PMCID: PMC9790166.

4. Naraoka Y, Hosokawa M, Minato-Inokawa S, Sato Y. Severity of Menstrual Pain Is Associated with Nutritional Intake and Lifestyle Habits. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Apr 30;11(9):1289. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11091289. PMID: 37174831; PMCID: PMC10178419.

5. Abedini, Maryam & Ghaedi, Ehsan & Hadi, Amir & Mohammadi, Hamed & Amani, Reza. (2019). Zinc Status and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 52. 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.002. 

6. Maktabi M, Jamilian M, Asemi Z. Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium-Vitamin D Co-supplementation Improves Hormonal Profiles, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018 Mar;182(1):21-28. doi: 10.1007/s12011-017-1085-0. Epub 2017 Jul 1. Retraction in: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Aug;201(8):4202-4203. Erratum in: Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2022 Dec 5;: PMID: 28668998.

7. Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Bahmani F, Talaee R, Monavari M, Asemi Z. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Endocrine Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Apr;170(2):271-8. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0480-7. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26315303.

8. Hessam S, Sand M, Meier NM, Gambichler T, Scholl L, Bechara FG. Combination of oral zinc gluconate and topical triclosan: An anti-inflammatory treatment modality for initial hidradenitis suppurativa. J Dermatol Sci. 2016 Nov;84(2):197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.010. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27554338.